Monday, March 26, 2018
FALL OF ROME Alaric and the Sack of Rome
THE FALL OF ROME
ATTRIBUTED TO THE ATTACK OF THE BARBARIANS IN THE ROMAN CITIES
THE ROMAN CITIZENS WERE AWARE THAT THE BARBARIAN WERE COMING TO SAVE THEM FROM THE ABUSES OF THE ROMAN SOLDIERSTHUS SOME ROMAN CITIZENS DID NOT BOTHER TO RESIST THE ENTRY OF THE BARBARIANS IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE TERRITORIES. SOME ROMAN CITIZEN EVEN GAVE THE FOOD THEREFORE THE BARBARIAN WARRIORS WERE LMOST FREEE TO ROAM AROUND THE CITY OF ROME. SOME ROMAN CITIZENS WERE HELPING THE BARBARIANS TO FIGHT AGAINST THEIR OWN GOVERNMENT..
decline of romeThe Lost Legions of Varus
THE DECLINE OF ROME WAS ALSO ATTRIBUTED TO THE GROSS ABUSE OF POWER BY THE GOVERNMENT IN MISHANDLING THE CHRISTIANS THEY DID NOT KNOW SO MANY ROMAN CITIZENS WERE ALREADY EFFECTIVELY CONVERTED INTO HRISTIANS BY APOSTLE PAUL AND PETER
THE SENTIMENTS OF THE BARBARIAN WARRIORS AGAINST THE ROMAN ARMYIT WAS KNOWN TO THE BARBARIANS THAT THE ROMAN ARMY MISHANDLED THE DEATHE OFJESUS CHRIST IN THE HANDS OF THE ROMN SOLDIERS
TH E SENTIMENTS OF THE BARBARIANS TO THE ROMAN SOLDIERS THE GOVERNMENT DID NOTKNOW THAT SO MANY FAMILIES OF THE BARBARIANS WERE Already converted into christianityYET THE ROMAN SOLDIERS CONTINUED THEIR PERSECUTION OF CHRISTIANS THE STILL THE GERMAN BARBBARIANWARRIORS WERE NOT YET CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY... THEY ATTACKED THE CITY OF ROME TO PROTECT THEIR FAMILY BEING PERSECUTED BY THE GOVERNMENT
Roman Emperor Caracalla
Emperor Caracalla
//
////////////////////////// Severus was followed by his son, Emperor Caracalla, who had murdered for power by killing his brother – in front of their mother. Caracalla extended citizenship to all free persons within the empire, further submerging Rome within the empire.
Caracalla was assassinated while urinating. He was followed by Severan family weaklings. One was Elgabalus in 218, emperor from age fourteen. Elgabalas was assassinated a little less than four years later in a plot formulated by his grandmother, Julia Maesa, and carried out by the Praetorian Guard
BACKGROUND BEFORE CARACALLA:
Commodus allowed his Guard in Rome and soldiers elsewhere to be abusive toward civilians. Concerned about opposition from military governors, he had their children cared for under his custody – in effect hostages. He had an enemies list of those he planned to execute, but others got to him first. He was assassinated twelve years after having succeeded his father.
The Senate then chose one of their own as emperor, Pertinex, who was assassinated after eighty-seven days. Another Senator, Julianus, bribed his way to a Senate declaration as emperor. Whenever Emperor Julianus appeared in public the Romans jeered him. When news of what was happening in Rome reached the military-governors in the provinces, a number of them became interested in replacing Julianus, and four years of civil war between rival military commanders followed.
The victorious commander was Septimius Severus. Like some other military commanders, he had been born outside Italy – in what today is Libya. He had spent most of his career in the provinces and had no sense of the people of Rome as privileged above others in the empire. Rome, in fact, was being swallowed by its empire. Severus deprived Rome's aristocracy of its traditional places in the city government of Rome and in the military.
Caracalla, also spelled Caracallus, byname of Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus, original name (until 196 ce) Septimius Bassianus, also called (196–198 ce)Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Caesar (born April 4, 188 ce, Lugdunum [Lyon], Gaul—died April 8, 217, near Carrhae, Mesopotamia) Roman emperor, ruling jointly with his father, Septimius Severus, from 198 to 211 and then alone from 211 until his assassination in 217. His principal achievements were his colossal baths in Rome and his edict of 212, giving Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire. Caracalla, whose reign contributed to the decay of the empire, has often been regarded as one of the most bloodthirsty tyrants in Roman history.
Caracalla was the elder son of the future emperor Lucius Septimius Severus, a North African, and Julia Domna, a Syrian. He was originally named Bassianus, after his maternal grandfather, who had been high priest of the Syrian sun god Elagabalus. He assumed the name Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and added the title Caesar because his father wanted to connect his family with the famous dynasty of the Antonines. In 198 he was given the title of Augustus, which nominally meant he had equal rank with his father. The byname Caracalla was based on his alleged designing of a new cloak of that name. Another of his nicknames, Tarautas, was that of an ugly, insolent, and bloodthirsty gladiator whom he was thought to resemble.
Emperor Caracalla was born Lucius Septimius Bassianus on the 4th of April 188 CE in Lugdunum (Lyon) where his father Septimius Severus was serving as the governor of Gallia Lugdunensis during the last years of the Emperor Commodus. When Caracalla was seven, his name was changed to Marcus AureliusAntoninus. This was done because of the wish of his father, now emperor, to link the new Severan dynasty with the previous Antonine one. The name ‘Caracalla’ was considered a nickname and referred to a type of cloak that the emperor wore (the nickname was originally used pejoratively and was never an official name of the emperor). At the time his name was changed, Caracalla became the official heir of his father, and in 198 CE at the age of ten, he was designated co-ruler with Severus (albeit a very junior co-ruler!).
CARACALLA'S EARLY LIFE
From an early age, Caracalla was constantly in conflict with his brother Geta who was only 11 months younger than he. At the age of 14, Caracalla was married to the daughter of Severus’ close friend Plautianus, Fulvia Plautilla, but this arranged marriage was not a happy one, and Caracalla despised his new wife (Dio 77.3.1 states that she was a ‘shameless creature’). While the marriage produced a single daughter, it came to an abrupt end when in 205 CE Plautianus was accused and convicted of treason and executed. Plautilla was exiled and later put to death upon Caracalla’s accession (Dio 77.5.3).
CARACALLA WAS CRUEL, CAPRICIOUS, MURDEROUS, WILFULLY UNCOUTH, AND WAS LACKING IN ANY SORT OF FILIAL LOYALTY.
In the year 208 CE, Septimius Severus, upon hearing of troubles in Britain, thought it a good opportunity to not only campaign there but to take both of his sons with him as they were living libertine lifestyles in the city ofRome. Campaigning, Severus thought, would give both boys exposure to the realities of rule, thus providing experience for them which they could use upon succeeding their father. While in Britain, Geta was supposedly put in charge of civil administration there, while Caracalla and his father campaigned in Scotland. Although Caracalla did acquire some valuable experience in military matters, he seems to have revealed an even darker side of his personality, and according to Dio, tried on at least one occasion to kill his father so that he could become emperor. Although it was unsuccessful, Severus admonished his son, leaving a sword within his son’s reach challenging him to finish the job that he botched earlier (Dio 77.14.1-7). Caracalla backed down, but according to Herodian, was constantly trying to convince Severus’ doctors to hasten the dying emperor’s demise (3.15.2). In any case, the emperor died at Ebaracum in February 211 CE. Severus’ last advice to both Caracalla and Geta was to ‘Be good to each other, enrich the army, and damn the rest’ (Dio 77.15.2).
CARACALLA BECOMES EMPEROR
In 211 CE Caracalla became emperor along with his younger brother Geta. The relationship between the two did not resemble the loving one of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus fifty years earlier, and it seems that both brothers were constantly conspiring against each other so that one of them could become sole emperor. When the two did try to make decisions together, they constantly bickered, disagreeing on everything from political appointments to legal decisions. Indeed, according to Herodian, things got so bad between the two brothers that not only did they divide the imperial palace between themselves but also tried to convince each other’s cooks to drop poison into the other's food, it was also proposed that the empire be divided up between the two into eastern and western parts. It was only the intervention of the boys’ mother, Julia Domna, that this plan was not realized (Herodian 4.3.4-9).
Nevertheless, Caracalla resolved to be rid of his brother. After a failed attempt to assassinate his brother on the Saturnalia (Dio 78.2), Caracalla arranged a meeting with his brother and mother in the imperial apartments, ostensibly to reconcile. Instead, upon appearing in his brother’s room with centurions, Caracalla had his men murder Geta who tried to hide in his mother’s arms. Despite her shock and sorrow, Caracalla forbade his mother from even shedding tears over Geta (ibid.; Herodian 4.4). So by 212 CE, Caracalla was sole emperor, and according to Dio, his brother’s murder was followed by a purge of Geta’s followers totalling roughly 20,000 deaths, including that of the former Praetorian Prefect Cilo and the jurist Papinian (Dio 78.3-6). Caracalla, when explaining his actions to the Senate, asserted that he was defending himself from Geta and rejected the idea that the concept of two emperors ruling the empire could work, declaring that
...you must lay aside your differences of opinion in thought and in attitude and lead your lives in security, looking to one emperor alone. Jupiter, as he is himself sole ruler of the gods, thus gives to one ruler sole charge of mankind.
The Senate could do nothing but tremble before his words (Herodian 4.5).
Geta was duly damned from memory (damnatio memoriae), and all references to him in public were erased; it was considered a crime to mention his name.
Septimius Severus, roman emperor
////////////////////////
Septimius Severus
Battle of Lugdunum
BACKGROUND
Commodus allowed his Guard in Rome and soldiers elsewhere to be abusive toward civilians. Concerned about opposition from military governors, he had their children cared for under his custody – in effect hostages. He had an enemies list of those he planned to execute, but others got to him first. He was assassinated twelve years after having succeeded his father.
The Senate then chose one of their own as emperor, Pertinex, who was assassinated after eighty-seven days. Another Senator, Julianus, bribed his way to a Senate declaration as emperor. Whenever Emperor Julianus appeared in public the Romans jeered him. When news of what was happening in Rome reached the military-governors in the provinces, a number of them became interested in replacing Julianus, and four years of civil war between rival military commanders followed.
The victorious commander was Septimius Severus. Like some other military commanders, he had been born outside Italy – in what today is Libya. He had spent most of his career in the provinces and had no sense of the people of Rome as privileged above others in the empire. Rome, in fact, was being swallowed by its empire. Severus deprived Rome's aristocracy of its traditional places in the city government of Rome and in the military.
The Year of the Five Emperors refers to the year 193 AD, in which there were five claimants for the title of Roman Emperor. The five were Pertinax, Didius Julianus, Pescennius Niger, Clodius Albinus and Septimius Severus.
The year 193 opened with the murder of Commodus on New Year's Eve, 31 December 192 and the proclamation of the City Prefect Pertinax as Emperor on New Year's Day, 1 January 193. Pertinax was assassinated by the Praetorian Guard on 28 March 193. Later that day, Didius Julianus outmanoeuvered Titus Flavius Sulpicianus (Pertinax's father-in-law and also the new City Prefect) for the title of Emperor.
Flavius Sulpicianus offered to pay each soldier 20,000 sestertii to buy their loyalty (eight times their annual salary; also the same amount offered by Marcus Aurelius to secure their favours in 161). Didius Julianus however offered 25,000 to each soldier to win the auction and was proclaimed Emperor by the Roman Senate on 28 March.
However, three other prominent Romans challenged for the throne: Pescennius Niger in Syria, Clodius Albinus in Britain, and Septimius Severus in Pannonia. Septimius Severus marched on Rome to oust Didius Julianus and had him decapitated on 1 June 193, then dismissed the Praetorian Guard and executed the soldiers who had killed Pertinax.
The year 193 opened with the murder of Commodus on New Year's Eve, 31 December 192 and the proclamation of the City Prefect Pertinax as Emperor on New Year's Day, 1 January 193. Pertinax was assassinated by the Praetorian Guard on 28 March 193. Later that day, Didius Julianus outmanoeuvered Titus Flavius Sulpicianus (Pertinax's father-in-law and also the new City Prefect) for the title of Emperor.
Flavius Sulpicianus offered to pay each soldier 20,000 sestertii to buy their loyalty (eight times their annual salary; also the same amount offered by Marcus Aurelius to secure their favours in 161). Didius Julianus however offered 25,000 to each soldier to win the auction and was proclaimed Emperor by the Roman Senate on 28 March.
However, three other prominent Romans challenged for the throne: Pescennius Niger in Syria, Clodius Albinus in Britain, and Septimius Severus in Pannonia. Septimius Severus marched on Rome to oust Didius Julianus and had him decapitated on 1 June 193, then dismissed the Praetorian Guard and executed the soldiers who had killed Pertinax.
Consolidating his power, Septimius Severus battled Pescennius Niger at Cyzicus and Nicea in 193 and then decisively defeated him at Issus in 194. Clodius Albinus initially supported Septimius Severus believing that he would succeed him. When he realised that Severus had other intentions, Albinus had himself declared Emperor in 195 but was defeated by Septimius Severus at the Battle of Lugdunum on 19 February 197
Septimius Severus, in full Lucius Septimius Severus Pertinax(born April 11, 145/146, Leptis Magna, Tripolitania [now in Libya]—died Feb. 4, 211, Eboracum, Britain [nowYork, Eng.]) Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He founded a personal dynasty and converted the government into a military monarchy. His reign marks a critical stage in the development of the absolute despotism that characterized the later Roman Empire.
The son of an equestrian from the Roman colony of Leptis Magna, Severus entered the Senate about 173 and became consul in 190. At the time of the murder of the insane emperor Commodus on Dec. 31, 192, he wasgovernor of Upper Pannonia (now in Austria and Hungary) and commander of the largest army on the Danube River. He remained inactive while thePraetorian Guards murdered Commodus’s successor, Publius Helvius Pertinax (March 193) and auctioned off the imperial title to Marcus Didius Julianus. Then on April 13 Severus was proclaimed emperor by his troops. Declaring himself the avenger of Pertinax, he marched on Rome. Julianus was murdered at Rome on June 1, and Severus entered the city without resistance several days later.
Severus replaced the Praetorian Guard with a new 15,000-man guard from his own Danubian legions. He temporarily pacified his rival in Britain, Decimus Clodius Albinus, by naming him caesar (junior emperor). In 194 he marched east and decisively defeated another rival, Gaius Pescennius Niger, governor of Syria. Severus then headed westward to confront Albinus, who had declared himself emperor. Albinus committed suicide following his crushing defeat near Lugdunum (now Lyon, France) in February 197. Returning to Rome, Severus executed about 30 of Albinus’s senatorial supporters. To justify his usurpation, he declared himself the adoptive son of the emperor Marcus Aurelius (ruled 161–180) and claimed descent from the emperor Nerva (ruled 96–98). He also named Caracalla, his son by his Syrian wife, Julia Domna, as coemperor and thus successor. Late in 197 Severus marched east to turn back an invasion of Mesopotamia (now in Iraq) by the Parthians, and two years later Mesopotamia was annexed to the empire.
By 202 Severus was back in Rome, where he spent the next six years making major changes in the structure of the imperial government. Since his power rested on military might rather than constitutional sanction, he gave the army a dominant role in his state. He won the soldiers’ support by increasing their pay and permitting them to marry. To prevent the rise of a powerful military rival, he reduced the number of legions under each general’s control. At the same time Severus ignored the Senate, which declined rapidly in power, and he recruited his officials from the equestrian rather than the senatorial order. Many provincials and peasants received advancement, and the Italian aristocracy lost much of its former influence.
The victorious commander was Septimius Severus. Like some other military commanders, he had been born outside Italy – in what today is Libya. He had spent most of his career in the provinces and had no sense of the people of Rome as privileged above others in the empire. Rome, in fact, was being swallowed by its empire. Severus deprived Rome's aristocracy of its traditional places in the city government of Rome and in the military.
Battle of Issus
////
The Battle of Issus was the third major battle in AD 194 between the forces of Emperor Septimius Severus and his rival, Pescennius Niger, part of the Year of the Five Emperors.
Background
Pescennius Niger was the Roman governor of Syria who had been acclaimed Emperor by his troops, like Severus, following the death ofPertinax.
Following its successive defeats at Cyzicus and Battle of Nicaea in 193, Niger's army successfully withdrew to the Taurus mountains, where it fiercely defended the Cilician pass. At this time, the commander of the Severan troops, Tiberius Claudius Candidus was replaced by Publius Cornelius Anullinus, perhaps due to the failure of the former to prevent the withdrawal of the rival army
Eventually, Anullinus entered Syria, and the final battle took place in May 194, near Issus, the place where Alexander the Great had defeated the Persian King Darius III in 332 BC.[1] Severus took advantage of the control he had on the lives of the children of the provincial governors, who were left at Rome, and of the rivalries of the cities in the region, thus encouraging governors to change sides, one legion to desert to him, and some cities to revolt
Severan troops attacked first, while Niger's forces were hurling missiles onto them. According to Dio, Severan legionaries applied testudo, using their shields for protecting either themselves[2] or their own missile shooters[3] (however, it seems that it was not the real testudo that was used in sieges or against highly mobile attackers[2]). At the same time, the Severan cavalry attacked from the rear.[3] The fight was hard, but in the end, Severus won decisively and Niger fled back to Antioch. A sudden thunderstorm played some role in lowering the morale of Niger's troops, who were directly facing it, because they had attributed it to divine intervention.[4]
A triumphal arch was set on site, commemorating the victory of Severus
Tiberius, roman emperor
Tiberius
///////
Tiberius was 56 when he took power as emperor. It was a succession accompanied by a quiet murder. The victim was Agrippa Postumus, the slow-witted 26 year-old son of his wife Julia's by a previous marriage, feared as a possible rallying point for disaffected persons
Tiberius let the Senate know that he was he who ruled, but he left the Senate with some duties, saving himself from being overburdned with work. He told the Senate to stop bothering him about every question that came up and to take initiative. But, to his disgust, Senators cringed before him.
An amphitheater collapsed killing many, and the Senate took action against the frauds of contractors, including the slackness of authorities responsible for some roads having become impassible. Tiberius dismissed the Senate's desire to crackdown against the idea of freedom for women, but he did suggest it ban those who had come to Rome to put on obscene shows. And he went further than had Augustus by outlawing altogether the Druid religion.
Tiberius didn't like crowds and did not appear at the gladiator contests as had Augustus. Rather than appear as a loving father figure to the citizenry, Tiberius was seen as unfriendly and was a disappointment.
At the age of 68, Tiberius left Rome for the island of Capri, where he would spend the rest of his life, ruling, relaxing and bathing with boys he called his minnows.
Severan family ROMAN EMPERORS
Severan family ROMAN EMPERORS
Caracalla was assassinated while urinating. He was followed by Severan family weaklings. One was Elgabalus in 218, emperor from age fourteen. Elgabalas was assassinated a little less than four years later in a plot formulated by his grandmother, Julia Maesa, and carried out by the Praetorian Guard. This made Elgabalas' cousin, Alexander Serverus, age 13, emperor. And he remained emperor until he was 26, with his mother continuing as his advisor. In the year 235, while in his tent during a millitary campaign, he was assassinated by military officers and he died cringing and crying in his mother's arms.
The new soldier-emperor, Maximinus, was not from Rome. He was the son of Thracian peasants – a German and an Alan. He had little respect for what remained of Rome's institutions. He was the first emperor who did not win or seek Senate confirmation of his rule. He was never to set foot in Rome. But the senators, afraid for their safety, were only silently antagonistic toward him.
Maximinus doubled the pay of his soldiers, and he upset Rome's civilians by giving money to the army that had been slated for welfare. Farmers in North Africa grew disturbed over Maximinus' high taxes, and they began to create disturbances. Romans in various parts of the empire saw Maximinus as a barbarian foreigner pretending to be an emperor. In Rome, angry packs of men hunted down and murdered his supporters. An army of North Africans, members of the Praetorian Guard, some senators, and some who saw themselves as the Romans of Old, went north from Rome to battle against Maximinus. They managed to isolate him and a some of his soldiers. To buy their safety, these soldiers killed Maximinus and his son.
Maximinus had ruled only three years – to the year 238. In the coming decades the rule of others would also be short. Soldiers would continue to choose their commanders as emperors, and some army commanders would become emperors only reluctantly, sensing the danger in it. Some of these emperors would attempt to bribe soldiers with gifts to ensure their continued loyalty, and the loyalty of some soldiers would depend on their being allowed to satisfy their appetite for booty at the expense of civilians. These new emperors would govern by decree, and they attempted to reinforce their rule with spies, informers and secret agents. In the coming five decades, only one emperor was to die a natural death, and only one was to die in battle. The rest would be murdered by soldiers,
The political chaos, meanwhile, produced a decline in respect for authority, caused in part by armies on the move within the empire, plundering towns and farms. Military-emperors sent tax collectors about the empire forcing more taxes from people.
During the first half of the 200s, taxation encouraged men of commerce to hoard their money rather than invest it. To pay soldiers, emperors debased money. Prices skyrocketed. The empire's middle class went bankrupt, and roads deteriorated.
More people had become beggars, and many others feared that they too would soon be impoverished. In Rome and other big cities, proletarians remained disinclined to organize themselves against authority, but here and there in the countryside desperate peasants did revolt, but their uprisings were not coordinated and not widespread enough to challenge the empire militarily. In various parts of the empire, bands of desperate people wandered the countryside, surviving by theft. In 235 bands of brigands had swept through Italy. In Gaul, hordes of people roamed about, pillaging as they went. Piracy grew on the Aegean Sea, and tribal people from the Sahara attacked Roman cities along the coast of North Africa.
Disorders sometimes cut off trade routes. By 250, Rome's trade with China and India had ended. Agricultural lands in the empire were going unused. With the declining economy, people moved from cities and towns to rural areas in search of food. Cities began shrinking to a fraction of their former size, some to be occupied only by administrators. Where agricultural estates felt threatened by barbarian or Roman soldiers they protected themselves by fortification, and their neighbors surrendered their holdings to them in exchange for protection. Economic relations were developing that would last into the Middle Ages.
The kind of governance put in place by Rome's revered Augustus as an alternative to democracy and the chaos he wanted to avoid, had failed.
Friday, March 23, 2018
Battle of Carrhae 53 BC | Total War: Rome 2 historical movie in cinemati...
AFTER ALEXANDER THE GREAT PERSIA BECAM THE SELEUCID EMPIRE
AFTER SELELEUCID, IT BECAME THE KINGDOM OF PARTHIA
ROME WANTED PARTHIA TO BECOM A PROVINCE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
PARTHIA RESISTED AND THUS THE RESULT WAS THE BATTLE OF CARRHAE
KINGDOM OF ARARAT
ARMENIAN HISTORY . Formative Era and
the Kingdom of Ararat 5000 BC Armenian language becomes a separate Indo-European language
2700 BC First mention of Haya in Akkadian inscriptions
2260 BC First mention of Armenia in Sumerian inscriptions
1300 BC Founding of Kingdom of Ararat (Urartu)
782 BC Founding of Erebuni/Erevan
585 BC Yervandian Dynasty
THE PERSIAN KINGDOM
(570-200) established when Kingdom of Ararat falls to Persians (Medes) 520 BC Armenia translated as Urartu in Behistun
Darius' OF Persian Empire 336 BC
ALEXANDER
BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA
Alexander the Great,UNIFIED pERSIA INTO sELEUCID kINGDOM
PERSIPOLIS, CAPITAL OF SELEUCID KINGDOM
Armenia incorporated into Seleucid Kingdom 2. Artashesian Kingdom 189 BC Artashes I – Consolidated Armenian State, founds Armenian dynasty that reaches its height under Tigran the Great and rules until 31 AD 95 BC Tigran the Great consolidates Armenian state with neighbors against Rome 0 Birth of our Lord, Jesus Christ 33 The Crucifixion and Resurrection of our Lord, Jesus Christ 35-60 The Apostles Thaddeus and Bartholomew bring Christianity to Armenia 3. Arshakuni Kingdom 66 Trdat I crowned King – founding Arshakuni dynasty that ruled Armenia through 428 during Armenia's conversion to Christianity 4. Adoption of Christianity, Golden Age 301 St. Grigor (Gregory the Illuminator) converts King Trdat III to Christianity and Armenia becomes the first Christian nation 303 Etchmiadzin (meaning the only-begotten descend
KINGS AND RULERS OF ARMENIA
KINGS AND RULERS OF ARMENIA Armenia Haykazuni dynasty (2492 / 2107 - 331 before common era)
Hayk (2492 / 2107-2026) -
Nahapet-patriarch of the Armenians, founder of the Haykazuni dynasty.
, Hayk lived in the 26-25th centuries before common era. On 11 August 2492
Hayk won the battle of Dyutsaznamart and crushed the army of Mesopotamian tyrant Bel. Below are the years of rule of Hayk's offsprings according to the "Chronological Tables" of Mikael Chamchian, which do not always correspond to the traditional Armenian chronology (that is begins with the date of the Dyutsaznamart). Armenak, son (2026-1980) Aramaiyis, son (1980-1940) Amasia, son (1940-1908) Gegham (Gelam), son (1908-1858) Sisak, son Arma, son (1858-1827) Aram, son (1827-1769) Aray Geghetsik (the Handsome), son (1769-1743) Kardos (Aray), son (1743-1725) Anushavan Sosanwer, son (1725-1662) Paret (1662-1612) Arbak, son (1612-1568) Zawan, son (1568-1531) Parnak, son (1531-1478) Sur, son (1478-1433) Honak (or Hawatak), son (1433-1403) Vashtak, son (1403-1381) Haykaka I, son (1381-1363) (in the Hittite accounts is known as Hukkanas, 1380-1360 b.c.e.) Ambak, son (1363-1349) Arnak, son (1349-1332) Shawarsh, son (1332-1326) Norayr, son (1326-1302) Vstam, son (1302-1289) Kar, son (1289-1285) (in the Hittite accounts is mentioned as Karanni, 14th century b.c.e.) Gorak, son (1285-1267) Hrant, son (1267-1242) Yndzak, son (1242-1227) Glak, son (1227-1197) Horoy, son (1197-1194) Zarmayr, son (1194-1180) ? Shawarsh II (1180 - 1137) Perch, son (1137-1102) Arbun, son (1102-1075) ? Perch II (1075-1035) Bazuk, son (1035-985) Hoy, son (985-941) Husak, son (941-910) ? Ambak II (910-883) Kaypak, son (883-838) ? Parnawaz (838-805) ? Pharnak II (805-765) Skayordi, son (765-748)
Thursday, March 22, 2018
Rome 2 Total War Battle of troy
EGYPTIANS HELPED THE TROJANS AGAIND THE INVASION OF THE GREEKS WHO WANTED TO DESTROY THE GATES OF TROY SO THAT AGAMEMNON, KING OF SPARTA WILL HAVE THE FREEDOM FOR THR GOLD AND WHEAT BUSINESS TRADE AROUND THE BLACK SEA.THE GATES OF TROY CONTROLLED THE TRADE ROUTE TO DODONAE - THE SOURCE OF GOLD AND WHEAT
AMENHOTEP FRIENDDHIP WITH TUSHRATTA , KING OF MITANNI
//////////////////////////////////////////////////
rhe friendship of Amenhotep and Tushratta was the first peaceful resoluion leading to a peaceful negotiation of boundaries between Mitanni and Egypt Egyp occupied thr city of Troy as one of the province of Egypt
RGYPTIANS AND TROJANS AS ALLIES WAGAINST GREEKS IN THE BATTLE OF TROY
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////THEFGRIENDSHIP OF AMENHOTEP PHARAOH O OF EGYPT WAS RHE FIRST RESOLUION TO SETTLE BOUNDARIESBETERRN THE WGYPT AND MITANNI TERRITORIES . THIS LEADS TO THE OCCUPATION OF EGYPT IN THE LANDS OF LUD AND PHRYGIA THUS... THE CITY OF TROY BECAME THE CITY UNDER THE EGYPTION TERRITORY
ANCIENT EGYPT during Joseph and Apepiand the Hyksos
KUFU known as Khafre KING OF ANCIENT eGYPT IN THE CITY OF tHEBES
CITY OF THEBES KMOWN IN GREEKS AS tHEBAI KOWN IN ANCIENT GREEKS AS THE CITY OF TAPIU
PHARAOH SEK HEMRE known as Amtef also known to the ancient hebrews as the Nimrod ruled the city of Nob
city of Nob , anciet egyptian city
Egypt had been ruled from a site at the junction of the narrow Nile valley with the broad plain of the Delta dDsruption of Egypt into separate kingdoms, which some of the dynasties live in the city of Thebes and the others in the ancieny city of Nob took place, and that for a while several distinct dynasties bore sway in different parts of the country. Disruption was naturally accompanied by weakness and decline
AMENHOTEP KNOWN TO THEM AS Mentu-hotep I or Amenemhat
During "twelfth dynasty," Amenemhat I.,. He found Thebes in a state of anarchy; civil war raged on every side; all the traditions of the past were forgotten; noble fought against noble; the poor were oppressed; life and property were alike insecure; "there was stability of fortune neither for the ignorant nor for the learned man." However Amenemhat, having reigned as sole king for twenty years, was induced to raise his eldest son, Senusret known as Usurtasen, to the royal dignity, and associate him with himself in the government of the empire. Usurtasen was a prince of much promise, He "brought prosperity to the affairs of his father. He was, as a god, without fears; before him was never one like to him. Most skilful in affairs, beneficent in his mandates, both in his going out and in his coming in he made Egypt flourish." His courage and his warlike capacity were great. Already, in the lifetime of his father, he had distinguished himself in combats with the Petti and the Sakti. When he was settled upon the throne, he made war upon the Cushite tribes who bordered Egypt upon the south, employing the services of a general named Ameni, but also taking a part personally in the campaign. The Cushites or Ethiopians, who in later times became such dangerous neighbours to Egypt, were at this early period weak and insignificant.
THE GREAT INVASION—THE HYKSÔS OR SHEPHERD KINGS—JOSEPH AND APEPI.
Egypt intowas ruled in separate kingdoms e, and that for a while several distinct dynasties bore sway in different parts of the country. Disruption was naturally accompanied by weakness and decline. The old order ceased, and opportunity was offered for some new order—some new power—to assert itself. The site on which it arose was one three hundred and fifty miles distant from the ancient capital, or four hundred and more by the river. Here, about lat. 26°, the usually narrow valley of the Nile opens into a sort of plain or basin. The mountains on either side of the river recede, as though by common consent, and leave between themselves and the river's bank a broad amphitheatre, which in each case is a rich green plain—an alluvium of the most productive character—dotted with dom and date palms, sometimes growing single, sometimes collected into clumps or groves.
Wednesday, March 21, 2018
KINGS OF ASSHUR
KINGS OF ASSHUR
THE LANDS OF nod and agadu ( AKKAD)
samsu iluna KNOWN AS sHEM
Enlil-nasir (II)
Assur-nirari (II)
Assur UbaliT
Son ofShem known as the ASHUR
BECAME THE KING OF ASSYRIA
after Dynasty I of SHEM and before Dynasty II of Isin (the Pashe Dynasty). This position proofs only that it began , but before Dynasty II of Isin (879). It is known to have been contemporary with both these royal families, as well as the line of Hammurabi. Its kings ruled over Karduniash, a territory bordering on Babylon
| Names of Kings of the City Assur | Lengths of Reign | Dates |
sAMSU iLUNA | ||
| Enlil-nasir (II) deposed his brother | 6 | 930-924 |
| Assur-nirari (II) | 7 | 924-917 |
| Assur-bel-nisheshu | 9 | 917-908 |
| Assur-rim-nisheshu | 8 | 908-900 |
| Assur-nadin-ahhe (II) | 10 | 900-890 |
| Eriba-Adad (I), son of Assur-bel-nisheshu | 27 | 890-863 |
| Assur-uballit (I) | 36 | 863-827 |
| Enlil-nirari | 10 | 827-817 |
| Arik-den-ili | 12 | 817-805 |
| Adad-nirari (I), brother of Arik-den-ili | 32 | 805-773 |
| Shulmanu-asarid (Shalmaneser I) | 30 | 773-743 |
| Tukulti-Ninurta (I) | 37 | 743-706 |
| While Tukulti-Ninurta lived, Assur-nadin-apli, his son, seized the throne | 4 - or - 3 | 707-703 706-703 |
| Assur-nirari (III), son of Assur-nasir-apli | 6 | 703-697 |
| Enlil-kudur-usur, son of Tukulti-Ninurta (I) | 5 | 697-692 |
Ancient Babylonia - The Kassite and Isin Dynasty List of Kings
Kassite Dynasty
Gandash, 16 years
Agum I (s), 22 years
Kashtiliash I, usurper, 22 years; born of Ulamburiash and son of Burna-buriash
Abirattash
Tazzigurmash
-------Long gap--------
Kara-indash I, contemporary with Ashur-rimnisheshu, k. of Assyria
Kuri-Galzu II, 23 years; contemporary of Ashur-uballit, and Enlilnirari, kings of Assyria
///////////////////////////////////////////////
ISIN OR PASHE DYNASTY
11 Kings; began to rule about 1172 BC
Marduk, 17 years
Nebuchadnezzar I,
contemporary of Ashur-resh-ishi, k. of Assyria
Marduk-nadin-akhi, contemporary of Tiglath-pileser I, king. of Assyria
Ashur-bel-kala, kING of Assyria
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)