MISSING HISTORY OF EGYPT

The Missing Half of Egypt's History

Who was the daughter of Pharaoh who adopted Moses? Where is Moses mentioned in the story of Egypt? Who was that Ramses whose land Jacob was given to dwell in? Which Pharaoh took Sarai from Abram?
The missing story of Egypt before the Exodus has been told. The first eight dynasties have told of the royal lines from Abydos or Thinis and of Memphis and Elephantine. Memphis, as most are aware, was the ancient capital of Lower Egypt. Who were the kings of Upper Egypt during this period? And of the Delta and of Middle Egypt?

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The Story Unfolds

Scripture is the starting point of study. It opens up solutions to secular records that otherwise would be misunderstood. This is especially true of Egypt's history.
Josephus, the Jewish historian of the first century of our era, wrote in his "Antiquities" of the life of Moses before he fled Egypt at age 40. Just prior to the flight of Moses, the Egyptians had been overrun by the Ethiopians from the south. This is the famous period of the Ethiopian Wars. Josephus records Moses' part in them. "The Egyptians, under this sad oppression, betook themselves to their oracles and prophecies; and when God had given them this counsel, to make use of Moses the Hebrew, and take his assistance, the king commanded his daughter to produce him, that he might be the general of their army." (Book II, chapter x, part 2.)

Moses' generalship is carefully recorded by Josephus in the entire chapter. The final victory was gained at the city of Saba (later Meroe), where the daughter of the Ethiopians -- Tharbis -- turned over the city as the price of her marriage to Moses. (Is this the beginning of the story in Numbers 12:1?)
"Now the Egyptians," continues Josephus in the next chapter, "after they had been preserved by Moses ... told the king he ought to be slain. The king ... also ... was ready to undertake to kill Moses; but when he (Moses) had learned beforehand what plots there were against him, he ... took his flight through the deserts, and where his enemies could not suspect he would travel."
Moses, it must be heir to a throne in Egypt. The ruling Pharaoh had a daughter, but no grandchildren. Josephus explains Moses' peculiar position at the end of chapter ix of book II. "If Moses had been slain (after his adoption), there was no one, either akin or adopted, that had any oracle on his side for pretending to the crown of Egypt."
Here are the needed clues. A dynasty in which Moses is General, and one which was broken at the very point in history that Moses fled. Is there such a dynasty -- one which also exercised jurisdiction in the northeastern Delta where Israel dwelt and Moses was found?
Indeed there is just such a dynasty -- Dynasty XIII of Thebes!

History of Upper Egypt

Now, to tell the history of the kingships of Thebes and Heracleopolis which paralleled the dynasties of Thinis and Memphis and, later Elephantine. The city of Thebes, like Thinis during the second dynasty, was a small semi-independent kingdom that steadily rose to power. From archaeology the Turin Canon and monuments, the entire 143 years of the Dynasty XI can be restored as follows.

Name	Length of Reign together	Dates
Mentuhotpe, Hereditary Prince and Sehertowe Inyotef	16	2035-2019
Wahankh Inyotef	49	2019-1970
Nakhtnebtepnufe Inyotef	8	1970-1962
Nebhepetre Mentuhotpe	51	1962-1911
Sankhkare Mentuhotpe	12	1911-1899
Nebtowere Mentuhotpe and others	7 years of near anarchy	1899-1892

city of Thinis ancient Egypt


city of Thebes ancient Egypt 

THEBES

The most flourishing period in the history of Thebes was between 1600 and 1100 B. C. Thebes in turn fell into decay, and is now only a small place visited in the course of a trip to Luxor and Karnak. The situation of Thebes is interesting. It lies in the widest section of the Nile Valley, with a broad plain on the west stretching off to the Libyan Mountains. On this plain are the famous statues known as the Colossi of Memnon. Across the Nile, on the east bank, stand the ruins of Luxor and Karnak, and beyond them to the east are the Arabian hills.

INYOTEF In the days of Wahankh Inyotef a tragic war broke out in Egypt between the rulers of Heracleopolis and Thebes over control of the city of Thinis (Abydos). In this struggle the first dynasty of Thinis collapsed, and a new dynasty arose in 1993. It is interesting to note that Wahankh came to power in the year (2019) that Shem ceased to reign in Thinis. It appears that with his departure war convulsed Egypt. Once these dynasties are properly placed the whole of Egypt's ancient history makes sense -- to the very year! Since the restoration, in this compendium, must proceed solidly step by step, the events cannot be told here in logical order until the chronological position of the dynasties is positively determined. 

The Great Theban Dynasty XII

With the restoration of Dynasty XII of Thebes -- the second dynasty to rule in Thebes -- the history of early Egypt to the Exodus will be nearly complete.

The lengths of reigns of Dynasty XII are firmly established, though they have come down in several forms due to the practice of associating successors on the throne prior to death of predecessor, or of dating from designation as heir to the throne. In each case the total is 212 calendar years -- 1892-1680. 

Names in Manetho	Personal Names	Length of Reign based on the Monuments	Dates
Ammenemes	Amenemhe I	20	1892-1872
Sesonchosis	Senwosre I	42	1872-1830
Ammanemes	Amenemhe II	32	1830-1798
(No name given)	Senwosre II	19	1798-1779
Sesostris	Senwosre III	38	1779-1741
Lachares (Lamares)	Amenemhe III	49	1741-1692
Ameres	(No name given)
Ammenemes	Amenemhe IV	9	1692-1683
Scemiophris	Sebeknofru 3	3	1683-1680

ammenemes, king of egypt 

.
Sesonchosis , king of Egypt





Ammanemes, king of Thebes



.
Sesostris king of Thebes
Sesostris was one of the greatest conquerors in early Egyptian history. Manetho records that "in nine years he subdued the whole of Asia, and Europe as far as Thrace ..." Asia, of course, refers to Asia Minor and the Near East only. But our interest in this dynasty centers rather on Amenemhe III, the Pharaoh who dominated all Egypt in Joseph's day. Egyptian history rarely records a man who exerted so much energy in a positive direction. Under him Lake Moeris was developed in the Fayyum for the storage of water. He was responsible for the construction of a long canal, a kind of secondary river, along the Nile to Lake Moeris. It is named to this day the Bahr Yusuf -- the River of Joseph! The famed Labyrinth was also erected under his rule. He associated, during the middle of his reign twelve rulers with him, called the Dodecarchy.




JOSEPH WAS SOLD BY HIS BROTHERS TO POTIFAH  AND LATER BECAME THE GOVERNOR OF EGYPT DURING THE REIGN OF SESOSTRIS








JOSEPH BECAME GOVERNOR OF EGYPT

 the PharaohSesostris  dominated all Egypt in Joseph's day. Egyptian history rarely records a man who exerted so much energy in a positive direction. Under him Lake Moeris was developed in the Fayyum for the storage of water. He was responsible for the construction of a long canal, a kind of secondary river, along the Nile to Lake Moeris. It is named to this day the Bahr Yusuf -- the River of Joseph! The famed Labyrinth was also erected under his rule. He associated, during the middle of his reign twelve rulers with him, called the Dodecarchy. Were these the brothers of Joseph

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Egyptians state in their records that the courses of the heavens have on occasion changed THE SEVEN YEARS FAMINE 

Before closing this period of history, it is important that one take notice of two facts that are at times misunderstood about this dynasty. Most historians date this dynasty to specific years "B.C." by astronomical methods. To do so they have recourse to altering certain readings in the documents they use. Further, historians neglect the fact that even the Egyptians state in their records that the courses of the heavens have on occasion changed. The Egyptian calendar does not determine the chronology of the time, but the proper historical restoration of the dynasties will instead enable the honest historian to determine the changes that have taken place in the Egyptian calendar.




Lachares (Lamares) king of Thebes





ammenemes king of Thebes




Scemiophris king of Thebes

FIRST DYNASTY OF THINIS

Narmer	Uncertain	Late 32nd century (?)	Usually identified as Menes, uniter of Upper and Lower Egypt.[3] Probable successor of the protodynasticNaqada kings Scorpion or Ka. Succeeded by Hor-Aha.
Hor-Aha	Uncertain but long	From late 32nd centuryor early 31st[4]	Sometimes identified as Menes. Father of Djer, possibly by Neithhotep or a wife, only attested much later, named Khenthap. Succeeded by the regency of Neithhotep.
Neithhotep	1 year (?)[5]	(?)	Female. Regent for her son or grandson and successor Djer.
Djer	40–41 years	fl. 3000 BC	Father of Merneith. Succeeded by Djet, his probable son.
Djet	c. 10 years	From c. 2980 BC	Succeeded by his wife and probable sister Merneith. Father of Den.
Merneith	(?)	From c. 2970 BC	Female. Regent for her son and successor Den and possible pharaoh in her own right. Probably daughter of Djer and senior wife of Djet.

NARMER, KING OF THINIS





HOR AHA  KING OF THINIS





   NEITHHOTEP PHARAOH OF tHINIS





Djer  PHARAOH OF tHINIS




DJET PHARAOH OF tHINIS




 PHARAOH MERNEITH  OF tHINIS QUEEN OF PHARAOH DJET
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